Indium lung

Lore & Background

Indium lung was first identified by a group of Japanese researchers in 2003. The disease results from inhaling respirable indium tin oxide in occupational settings such as reclamation and production. Exposure can also involve indium metal, indium hydroxide, and indium oxide. The exact mechanism of pathogenesis remains unknown, but hypotheses include exacerbation of autoimmune disorders or dysfunction of alveolar macrophages due to phagocytosis of indium particles.

Reader's Guide

Indium lung represents a significant occupational health concern, particularly in Japan where the indium industry is concentrated. As of 2010, only 10 cases had been formally described, yet over 100 indium workers had documented respiratory abnormalities, indicating a broader at-risk population. The disease is notable for its combination of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and fibrosis, with complications potentially including lung cancer, though indium is not a known carcinogen. Prevention relies on exposure limits set by JNIOSH and medical surveillance. Treatment remains non-standardized, with pulmonary lavage and corticosteroid therapy as options. Prognosis is linked to serum indium levels, with higher levels associated with worse outcomes. The disease has been fatal in several cases, underscoring the need for continued research and workplace protections.

Did You Know?

• Indium lung was first described by Japanese researchers in 2003.
• As of 2010, only 10 cases had been described, but over 100 indium workers had documented respiratory abnormalities.
• High levels of serum indium have been found in all cases of indium lung.
• The disease has been reported in Japan, the United States, and China.